打飞机游戏

环境 python3+pygame

本文示例源码只用于学习研究，不包含第三方模块，如果你想运行的话需要安装pygame模块。

• 安装pygame模块

python -m pip install --user pygame-1.9.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

• 项目结构

可以自行替换资源文件，文件夹和文件名保持不变就行了

---

主循环：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :alienInvasion.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:04:45
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''

import pygame
import sys
import os
import gameFunctions
import gameStatistics
import button
import scoreBoard
from setting import Setting
from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group
from alien import Alien


def runGame():
  pygame.init()
  aiSet = Setting()
  # 创建一个统计实例
  gameStatis = gameStatistics.gameStatistics(aiSet)
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode((aiSet.screenWidth, aiSet.screenHeight))
  ship = Ship(aiSet, screen)
  pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion')
  playButton = button.Button(aiSet, screen, 'Play')
  sb = scoreBoard.ScoreBoard(aiSet, gameStatis, screen)
  bullets = Group()
  aliens = Group()
  gameFunctions.createFleet(aiSet, screen, ship, aliens)
  while True:
    gameFunctions.checkEvent(
      aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, playButton)
    # 当gameActive为真时更新飞船，子弹和外星人
    if gameStatis.gameActive:
      ship.update()
      gameFunctions.updateBullets(
        aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)
      gameFunctions.updateAliens(
        aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)
    gameFunctions.updateScreen(
      aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, playButton)


runGame()

---

子弹类：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :bullet.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:25:41
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''

if __name__ != '__main__':
  import pygame
  from pygame.sprite import Sprite

  class Bullet(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, aiSet, screen, ship):
      # 继承Sprite的构造函数
      super().__init__()
      self.screen = screen
      # 在屏幕0，0处创建一个矩形(子弹)，下x,y坐标为矩形的长宽
      self.rect = pygame.Rect(
        0, 0, aiSet.bulletWidth, aiSet.bulletHeight)
      # 设置子弹的centerx 和top 位置
      self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
      self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
      # 取得子弹矩形的y坐标，转换为float储存，改变子弹的位置只需要2个y坐标
      self.y = float(self.rect.y)
      self.color = aiSet.bulletColor
      self.speedFactor = aiSet.bulletSpeedFactor
    # Group的实例用于操作sprite编组，每个sprite派生类必须有同名的update方法

    def update(self):
      self.y -= self.speedFactor
      self.rect.y = self.y
    #

    def drawBullet(self):
      pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

---

外星人类：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :alien.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:24:01
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  import pygame
  from pygame.sprite import Sprite

  class Alien(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, aiSet, screen):
      super().__init__()
      self.screen = screen
      self.aiSet = aiSet
      self.image = pygame.image.load(r'.\images\bird.jpg')
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.rect.x = self.rect.width
      self.rect.y = self.rect.height
      self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def blitMe(self):
      self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    # 检查是否达到屏幕边缘
    def checkEdge(self):
      screenRect = self.screen.get_rect()
      if self.rect.right >= screenRect.right:
        return True
      elif self.rect.left <= screenRect.left:
        return True
      return False

    def update(self):
      self.x += self.aiSet.alienSpeedFactor*self.aiSet.fleetDirection
      self.rect.x = self.x

---

按键类：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :button.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:25:33
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  import pygame.font

  class Button():
    def __init__(self, aiSet, screen, msg):
      self.screen = screen
      self.screenRect = screen.get_rect()
      self.width, self.height = 200, 50
      self.buttonColor = (0, 255, 0)
      self.textColor = (255, 255, 255)
      self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
      self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
      self.rect.center = self.screenRect.center
      self.preMsg(msg)

    def preMsg(self, msg):
      self.msgImage = self.font.render(
        msg, True, self.textColor, self.buttonColor)
      self.msgImageRect = self.msgImage.get_rect()
      self.msgImageRect.center = self.rect.center

    def drawButton(self):
      self.screen.fill(self.buttonColor, self.rect)
      self.screen.blit(self.msgImage, self.msgImageRect)

---

函数模块

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :gameFunctions.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:24:53
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  import sys
  import pygame
  import bullet
  from alien import Alien
  from time import sleep

  def checkKeyDownEvent(event, aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, playButton):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
      ship.moveRight = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
      ship.moveLeft = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE and gameStatis.gameActive:
      fireBullet(aiSet, screen, ship, bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
      sys.exit(0)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_p:
      startGame(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen,
            ship, bullets, aliens, playButton)

  def checkKeyUpEvent(event, ship):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
      ship.moveRight = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
      ship.moveLeft = False

  # 检测事件
  def checkEvent(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, playButton):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        sys.exit(0)
      elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        mouseX, mouseY = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        checkPlayButton(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens,
                playButton, mouseX, mouseY)
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
        checkKeyDownEvent(event, aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets,
                  aliens, playButton)
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
        checkKeyUpEvent(event, ship)

  # 更新屏幕
  def updateScreen(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, playButton):
    screen.fill(aiSet.mainBgColor)
    # bullets储存了所有子弹精灵实例，重绘所有子弹
    for bulletElem in bullets.sprites():
      bulletElem.drawBullet()
    ship.blitMe()
    aliens.draw(screen)
    if not gameStatis.gameActive:
      playButton.drawButton()
    sb.showScore()
    pygame.display.flip()

  def updateBullets(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens):
    # 对编组调用update() 时， 编组将自动对其中的每个精灵调用update()
    bullets.update()
    # 如果子弹矩形的bottom小于等于0则删除此条目，因为会改变group，需要用group的副本循环
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
      if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
        bullets.remove(bullet)
    checkBulletAlienCollision(
      aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)

  # 检测子弹和外星人碰撞
  def checkBulletAlienCollision(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens):
    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, False, True)
    # sprite.groupcollide返回一个字典，字典每个元素都是一个列表
    if collisions:
      for aliens in collisions.values():
        gameStatis.score += aiSet.alienPoint*len(aliens)
        sb.preScore()
    # 检测当前分数是否高于最高分
    checkHighScore(gameStatis, sb)
    # 如果aliens为空则创建新的fleet
    if len(aliens) == 0:
      # 创建fleet之前清空所有bullet精灵
      bullets.empty()
      aiSet.increaseSpeed()
      gameStatis.level += 1
      sb.preLevel()
      createFleet(aiSet, screen, ship, aliens)

  def fireBullet(aiSet, screen, ship, bullets):
    # 限制子弹数量
    if len(bullets) < aiSet.bulletAllowed:
      newBullet = bullet.Bullet(aiSet, screen, ship)
      bullets.add(newBullet)

  # 计算一行可以容纳多少外星人
  def getNumberAlienX(aiSet, alienWidth):
    availableSpace = aiSet.screenWidth-alienWidth*2
    quantityAlienX = int(availableSpace/(alienWidth*2))
    return quantityAlienX

  # 计算屏幕能容纳多少行外星人
  def getNumberAlienY(aiSet, shipHeight, alienHeight):
    availableSpaceY = aiSet.screenHeight-alienHeight*3-shipHeight
    quantityAlienY = int(availableSpaceY/(alienHeight*2))
    return quantityAlienY

  # 创建外星人实例并添加到group
  def createAlien(aiSet, screen, aliens, alienNumberX, alienNumberY):
    alien = Alien(aiSet, screen)
    alien.x = alien.rect.width+2*alien.rect.width*alienNumberX
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*alienNumberY
    aliens.add(alien)

  # 通过统计的row，column创建多行alien
  def createFleet(aiSet, screen, ship, aliens):
    alien = Alien(aiSet, screen)
    quantityAlienX = getNumberAlienX(aiSet, alien.rect.width)
    quantityAlienY = getNumberAlienY(
      aiSet, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
    for alienNumberY in range(quantityAlienY):
      for alienNumberX in range(quantityAlienX):
        createAlien(aiSet, screen, aliens, alienNumberX, alienNumberY)

  # 改变飞船群的方向，并向下移动
  def changeFleetDirection(aiSet, aliens):
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
      alien.rect.y += aiSet.fleetDropSpeed
    # 将fleetDirection取反，改变x移动方向
    aiSet.fleetDirection *= -1

  def checkFleetEdge(aiSet, aliens):
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
      if alien.checkEdge():
        changeFleetDirection(aiSet, aliens)
        break

  # 更新飞船
  def updateAliens(aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens):
    aliens.update()
    checkFleetEdge(aiSet, aliens)
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
      shipHit(aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)
    checkAliensBottom(aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)

  # 处理外星人和飞船碰撞
  def shipHit(aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens):
    if gameStatis.shipLeft > 0:
      gameStatis.shipLeft -= 1
      aliens.empty()
      bullets.empty()
      createFleet(aiSet, screen, ship, aliens)
      ship.shipCenter()
      sleep(0.5)
    else:  # 如果飞船储备用光将gameActive设置为False
      gameStatis.gameActive = False
      pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

  # 检测外星人是否到达底部
  def checkAliensBottom(aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens):
    screenRect = screen.get_rect()
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
      if alien.rect.bottom >= screenRect.bottom:
        shipHit(aiSet, gameStatis, screen, ship, bullets, aliens)
        break

  # 检查鼠标是否在play按钮的rect内按下
  def checkPlayButton(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens,
            playButton, mouseX, mouseY):
    if not gameStatis.gameActive and playButton.rect.collidepoint(mouseX, mouseY):
      startGame(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen,
            ship, bullets, aliens, playButton)

  # 开始游戏时初始化所有数据
  def startGame(aiSet, gameStatis, sb, screen, ship, bullets, aliens, playButton):
    pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
    gameStatis.resetStats()
    gameStatis.gameActive = True
    aiSet.initializeDynamicSetting()
    bullets.empty()
    aliens.empty()
    ship.shipCenter()
    createFleet(aiSet, screen, ship, aliens)
    sb.preScore()
    sb.preHighScore()
    sb.preLevel()

  def checkHighScore(gameStatis, sb):
    if gameStatis.score > gameStatis.highScore:
      gameStatis.highScore = gameStatis.score
      sb.preHighScore()

---

检测游戏状态：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :gameStatistics.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:24:46
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  class gameStatistics():
    def __init__(self, aiSet):
      self.aiSet = aiSet
      self.resetStats()
      self.gameActive = False
      self.highScore = 0

    def resetStats(self):
      # 初始化飞船限制
      self.shipLeft = self.aiSet.shipLimit
      self.score = 0
      self.level = 1

---

记分牌类：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :scoreBoard.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:24:37
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  import pygame.font

  class ScoreBoard():
    def __init__(self, aiSet, gameStatis, screen):
      self.screen = screen
      self.screenRect = self.screen.get_rect()
      self.aiSet = aiSet
      self.gameStatis = gameStatis
      self.textColor = (30, 30, 30)
      self.font = pygame.font.Font(r'C:\Windows\Fonts\simhei.ttf', 48)
      self.levelFont = pygame.font.Font(
        r'C:\Windows\Fonts\simhei.ttf', 20)
      self.preScore()
      self.preHighScore()
      self.preLevel()

    def preScore(self):
      # 将score圆整到小数点左边第一位
      roundScore = int(round(self.gameStatis.score, -1))
      self.scoreImage = self.font.render('{:,}'.format(
        roundScore), True, self.textColor, self.aiSet.mainBgColor)
      self.scoreImageRect = self.scoreImage.get_rect()
      self.scoreImageRect.right = self.screenRect.right-20
      self.scoreImageRect.top = 20

    def preHighScore(self):
      roundHighScore = int(round(self.gameStatis.highScore, -1))
      self.highScoreImage = self.font.render('{:,}'.format(
        roundHighScore), True, self.textColor, self.aiSet.mainBgColor)
      self.highScoreImageRect = self.highScoreImage.get_rect()
      self.highScoreImageRect.centerx = self.screenRect.centerx
      self.highScoreImageRect.top = self.screenRect.top

    def preLevel(self):
      levelStr = '第%2d关' % (self.gameStatis.level)
      self.levelImage = self.levelFont.render(
        levelStr, True, self.textColor, self.aiSet.mainBgColor)
      self.levelImageRect = self.levelImage.get_rect()
      self.levelImageRect.right = self.screenRect.right
      # 高度设置为分数底部+20
      self.levelImageRect.top = self.scoreImageRect.bottom+20

    def showScore(self):
      self.screen.blit(self.scoreImage, self.scoreImageRect)
      self.screen.blit(self.highScoreImage, self.highScoreImageRect)
      self.screen.blit(self.levelImage, self.levelImageRect)

---

游戏设置：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :setting.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:24:30
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  class Setting:
    def __init__(self):
      self.screenWidth = 1200
      self.screenHeight = 800
      self.mainBgColor = (230, 230, 230)
      self.shipLimit = 2
      self.bulletWidth = 300
      self.bulletHeight = 150
      self.bulletColor = (60, 60, 60)
      self.bulletAllowed = 3
      self.fleetDropSpeed = 15
      # fleet移动的方向，1表示右移，-1表示左移
      self.fleetDirection = 1
      self.speedUpScale = 1.2
      self.initializeDynamicSetting()
      self.scoreScale = 1.5

    def initializeDynamicSetting(self):
      self.shipSpeedFactor = 1.5
      self.bulletSpeedFactor = 3
      self.alienSpeedFactor = 1
      self.alienPoint = 50

    def increaseSpeed(self):
      self.shipSpeedFactor *= self.speedUpScale
      self.bulletSpeedFactor *= self.speedUpScale
      self.alienSpeedFactor *= self.speedUpScale
      self.alienPoint = int(self.alienPoint*self.scoreScale)

玩家的飞机：

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@file    :ship.py
@Time    :2021-01-04 02:24:16
@Author  :Karcyril
@Software  :Visual Studio Code
'''


if __name__ != '__main__':
  import pygame

  class Ship():
    def __init__(self, aiSet, screen):
      self.screen = screen
      self.image = pygame.image.load(r'.\images\ship.bmp')
      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
      self.screenRect = screen.get_rect()
      self.rect.centerx = self.screenRect.centerx
      self.rect.bottom = self.screenRect.bottom
      self.moveRight = False
      self.moveLeft = False
      self.aiSet = aiSet
      self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

    def update(self):
      if self.moveRight and self.rect.right < self.screenRect.right:
        self.center += self.aiSet.shipSpeedFactor
      # screen坐标是独立于桌面的的，screen的最左边就是0
      if self.moveLeft and self.rect.left > 0:
        self.center -= self.aiSet.shipSpeedFactor
      self.rect.centerx = self.center

    def blitMe(self):
      self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

    def shipCenter(self):
      self.center = self.screenRect.centerx

---